{
 "$schema": "https://cookwala.ai/v1/schemas/recipe.schema.json",
 "cookwala": "0.2.0",
 "id": "example-kofta-oven",
 "revision": 1,
 "updated": "2026-10-04",
 "verification": {
  "level": "V1",
  "evidence": {
   "simulatorRuns": 0,
   "humanReviews": 1,
   "fieldReports": 0
  },
  "reviewedBy": "cookwala.ai editorial (structure only)",
  "notes": "Example recipe written to exercise the standard: structured steps, end conditions, hazards and critical control points. Not simulated and not field-verified; values are typical home-cooking values, not measurements."
 },
 "dish": {
  "names": {
   "en": "Oven-baked beef kofta",
   "ar": "كفتة لحم في الفرن"
  },
  "cuisine": [
   "EG"
  ],
  "course": "main",
  "tags": [
   "beef",
   "kofta",
   "oven",
   "protein"
  ]
 },
 "yield": {
  "servings": 4,
  "totalMass": {
   "value": 850,
   "unit": "g"
  }
 },
 "ingredients": [
  {
   "ref": "beef",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.beef_ground",
   "qty": {
    "value": 600,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.1
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "600 g ground beef (halal)",
    "ar": "600 جم لحم بقري مفروم حلال"
   },
   "allergens": []
  },
  {
   "ref": "onion",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.onion_yellow",
   "qty": {
    "value": 150,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.25
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "1 onion",
    "ar": "بصلة واحدة"
   }
  },
  {
   "ref": "parsley",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.parsley",
   "qty": {
    "value": 30,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.4
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "a bunch of parsley",
    "ar": "حزمة بقدونس"
   }
  },
  {
   "ref": "garlic",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.garlic",
   "qty": {
    "value": 6,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.3
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "2 garlic cloves",
    "ar": "فصان ثوم"
   }
  },
  {
   "ref": "salt",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.salt",
   "qty": {
    "value": 6,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.3
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "1 tsp salt",
    "ar": "ملعقة صغيرة ملح"
   },
   "scaling": "sublinear"
  },
  {
   "ref": "pepper",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.black_pepper_ground",
   "qty": {
    "value": 2,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.4
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "1 tsp black pepper",
    "ar": "ملعقة صغيرة فلفل أسود"
   },
   "scaling": "sublinear"
  },
  {
   "ref": "cumin",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.cumin_ground",
   "qty": {
    "value": 3,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.3
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "1½ tsp ground cumin",
    "ar": "1½ ملعقة صغيرة كمون"
   },
   "scaling": "sublinear"
  },
  {
   "ref": "allspice",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.allspice_ground",
   "qty": {
    "value": 1,
    "unit": "g",
    "tolerance": 0.5
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "½ tsp allspice",
    "ar": "نصف ملعقة صغيرة بهارات"
   },
   "scaling": "sublinear"
  },
  {
   "ref": "oil",
   "ingredientId": "cw.ing.olive_oil",
   "qty": {
    "value": 15,
    "unit": "ml",
    "tolerance": 0.3
   },
   "display": {
    "en": "1 tbsp oil for the tray",
    "ar": "ملعقة كبيرة زيت للصاج"
   }
  }
 ],
 "equipment": [
  {
   "ref": "oven",
   "class": "cw.eq.heat.oven",
   "constraints": {
    "maxTempC": 250
   }
  },
  {
   "ref": "tray",
   "class": "cw.eq.vessel.tray.baking"
  },
  {
   "ref": "grater",
   "class": "cw.eq.tool.grater"
  },
  {
   "ref": "knife",
   "class": "cw.eq.tool.knife.chef"
  },
  {
   "ref": "board",
   "class": "cw.eq.tool.cutting_board"
  },
  {
   "ref": "bowl",
   "class": "cw.eq.tool.bowl.mixing"
  },
  {
   "ref": "probe",
   "class": "cw.eq.sensor.probe"
  },
  {
   "ref": "fridge",
   "class": "cw.eq.cold.fridge"
  }
 ],
 "process": {
  "nodes": [
   {
    "id": "n1",
    "op": "cw.op.grate",
    "inputs": [
     "onion"
    ],
    "output": "onion_grated",
    "equipment": [
     "grater"
    ],
    "params": {
     "fineness": "fine"
    },
    "hazards": [
     "hz_knife"
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "n2",
    "op": "cw.op.cut",
    "inputs": [
     "parsley"
    ],
    "output": "parsley_chopped",
    "equipment": [
     "knife",
     "board"
    ],
    "params": {
     "shape": "mince"
    },
    "hazards": [
     "hz_knife"
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "n3",
    "op": "cw.op.crush",
    "inputs": [
     "garlic"
    ],
    "output": "garlic_paste",
    "params": {
     "texture": "paste"
    }
   },
   {
    "id": "n4",
    "op": "cw.op.mix",
    "inputs": [
     "beef",
     "onion_grated",
     "parsley_chopped",
     "garlic_paste",
     "salt",
     "pepper",
     "cumin",
     "allspice"
    ],
    "output": "kofta_mix",
    "equipment": [
     "bowl"
    ],
    "params": {
     "speed": "normal",
     "untilEven": true
    },
    "hazards": [
     "hz_raw_meat"
    ],
    "notes": {
     "en": "Squeeze excess juice from the grated onion first. Wash hands, tools and grippers after touching raw meat."
    }
   },
   {
    "id": "n5",
    "op": "cw.op.form",
    "inputs": [
     "kofta_mix"
    ],
    "output": "kofta_shaped",
    "params": {
     "shape": "finger",
     "count": 12,
     "massG": 70
    },
    "hazards": [
     "hz_raw_meat"
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "n6",
    "op": "cw.op.chill",
    "inputs": [
     "kofta_shaped"
    ],
    "output": "kofta_chilled",
    "equipment": [
     "fridge"
    ],
    "params": {
     "tempC": 4
    },
    "until": {
     "minTime": "PT20M",
     "maxTime": "PT2H"
    },
    "onTimeout": "extend",
    "ccp": "ccp_raw_hold"
   },
   {
    "id": "n7",
    "op": "cw.op.heat",
    "inputs": [
     "oil"
    ],
    "output": "tray_oiled",
    "equipment": [
     "oven",
     "tray"
    ],
    "params": {
     "heat": "high",
     "tempC": 200,
     "target": {
      "sensor": "cw.sense.oven_temp",
      "value": 200,
      "unit": "degC",
      "tolerance": 10
     }
    },
    "until": {
     "all": [
      {
       "sensor": "cw.sense.oven_temp",
       "gte": 190
      }
     ],
     "minTime": "PT8M",
     "maxTime": "PT20M"
    },
    "onTimeout": "extend",
    "hazards": [
     "hz_oven"
    ],
    "attention": "monitor",
    "notes": {
     "en": "Preheat the oven to 200 °C with the empty tray inside; brush the hot tray with the oil only when loading the kofta (olive oil smokes near 200 °C)."
    }
   },
   {
    "id": "n8",
    "op": "cw.op.bake",
    "inputs": [
     "kofta_chilled",
     "tray_oiled"
    ],
    "output": "kofta_baked",
    "equipment": [
     "oven",
     "tray"
    ],
    "params": {
     "heat": "high",
     "tempC": 200,
     "ovenMode": "conventional",
     "rack": "middle",
     "target": {
      "sensor": "cw.sense.oven_temp",
      "value": 200,
      "unit": "degC",
      "tolerance": 10
     }
    },
    "until": {
     "all": [
      {
       "sensor": "cw.sense.core_temp",
       "target": "kofta_chilled",
       "gte": 71
      }
     ],
     "minTime": "PT14M",
     "maxTime": "PT22M"
    },
    "onTimeout": "extend",
    "ccp": "ccp_ground_meat",
    "hazards": [
     "hz_oven"
    ],
    "attention": "periodic"
   },
   {
    "id": "n9",
    "op": "cw.op.rest",
    "inputs": [
     "kofta_baked"
    ],
    "output": "kofta_rested",
    "params": {
     "cover": true
    },
    "until": {
     "minTime": "PT3M",
     "maxTime": "PT6M"
    },
    "onTimeout": "extend"
   },
   {
    "id": "n10",
    "op": "cw.op.serve",
    "inputs": [
     "kofta_rested"
    ],
    "params": {
     "serveWithin": "PT30M",
     "keepHot": {
      "gte": 60,
      "unit": "degC"
     }
    }
   }
  ],
  "edges": "implicit-from-inputs",
  "parallelGroups": [
   [
    "n1",
    "n2",
    "n3"
   ]
  ]
 },
 "safety": {
  "hazards": [
   {
    "id": "hz_knife",
    "type": "cw.hz.cut.knife",
    "severity": "medium",
    "mitigation": [
     "keep_human_clear_of_blade",
     "stable_board"
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "hz_raw_meat",
    "type": "cw.hz.pathogen.raw_meat",
    "severity": "high",
    "mitigation": [
     "dedicated_board",
     "wash_tools_and_grippers_after_contact",
     "no_cross_contact_with_ready_food"
    ]
   },
   {
    "id": "hz_oven",
    "type": "cw.hz.burn.hot_surface",
    "severity": "medium",
    "mitigation": [
     "oven_mitts_or_heat_rated_gripper",
     "open_door_slowly"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "ccps": [
   {
    "id": "ccp_raw_hold",
    "hazard": "pathogen.raw_meat",
    "node": "n6",
    "criticalLimit": "raw mixture kept at or below 5 °C and for at most 2 h before baking",
    "monitoring": [
     "cw.sense.fridge_temp",
     "time"
    ],
    "corrective": "bake now, or discard if above 5 °C for more than 2 h"
   },
   {
    "id": "ccp_ground_meat",
    "hazard": "pathogen.e_coli_salmonella",
    "node": "n8",
    "criticalLimit": "core temperature of every piece at or above 71 °C",
    "limit": {
     "sensor": "cw.sense.core_temp",
     "gte": 71
    },
    "monitoring": [
     "cw.sense.core_temp"
    ],
    "corrective": "return to the oven and re-probe the thickest piece; never serve below 71 °C"
   }
  ],
  "allergens": {
   "eu14": [],
   "us9": [],
   "mayContain": []
  },
  "dietary": [
   {
    "claim": "halal",
    "basis": "certified",
    "note": "Halal only when the beef is halal-certified; the ingredient list cannot prove this."
   },
   {
    "claim": "gluten_free",
    "basis": "ingredients"
   },
   {
    "claim": "dairy_free",
    "basis": "ingredients"
   }
  ],
  "supervision": {
   "default": "unattended_ok",
   "reasons": {
    "n1": "grater",
    "n2": "knife",
    "n4": "raw meat hygiene",
    "n7": "hot oven"
   }
  },
  "abort": {
   "steps": [
    "heat_off",
    "alert_user"
   ],
   "neverLeave": []
  }
 },
 "nutrition": {
  "perServing": {
   "kcal": 380,
   "protein": 32,
   "fat": 26,
   "carbs": 4,
   "fiber": 1,
   "sugar": 2,
   "sodiumMg": 640
  },
  "basis": "Typical composition tables, estimate per serving; not measured"
 },
 "storage": {
  "fridgeDays": 2,
  "freezerDays": 60,
  "reheat": {
   "minCoreC": 75,
   "method": "oven 180 °C, covered"
  },
  "coolingRequired": true
 },
 "text": {
  "en": {
   "title": "Oven-baked beef kofta",
   "intro": "Spiced ground-beef fingers baked instead of grilled: a weeknight kofta with a measurable finish, 71 °C at the centre.",
   "steps": {
    "n1": "Grate the onion finely and squeeze out the juice.",
    "n2": "Chop the parsley finely.",
    "n3": "Crush the garlic.",
    "n4": "Mix the beef with the onion, parsley, garlic and spices until even. Wash everything that touched raw meat.",
    "n5": "Shape into 12 fingers of about 70 g each.",
    "n6": "Chill for 20 minutes so they hold their shape (no more than 2 hours).",
    "n7": "Preheat the oven to 200 °C with the empty tray inside; brush the tray with the oil just before loading.",
    "n8": "Bake on the middle rack until the thickest piece reads 71 °C at the centre (14 to 22 minutes).",
    "n9": "Rest 3 minutes, covered.",
    "n10": "Serve hot with rice, salad and tahini."
   }
  },
  "ar": {
   "title": "كفتة لحم في الفرن",
   "intro": "أصابع كفتة لحم متبلة تُخبز في الفرن بدل الشواء: كفتة أيام الأسبوع مع نهاية قابلة للقياس، 71 درجة في المركز.",
   "steps": {
    "n1": "ابشري البصل ناعمًا واعصري ماءه.",
    "n2": "افرمي البقدونس ناعمًا.",
    "n3": "اهرسي الثوم.",
    "n4": "اخلطي اللحم مع البصل والبقدونس والثوم والبهارات حتى يتجانس. اغسلي كل ما لمس اللحم النيء.",
    "n5": "شكّلي 12 أصبعًا بوزن 70 جم تقريبًا.",
    "n6": "ضعيها في الثلاجة 20 دقيقة لتثبت (لا تتجاوز ساعتين).",
    "n7": "سخّني الفرن إلى 200 درجة والصينية فارغة بداخله؛ وادهني الصينية بالزيت قبل الرص مباشرة.",
    "n8": "اخبزيها على الرف الأوسط حتى يصل مركز أكبر قطعة إلى 71 درجة (14 إلى 22 دقيقة).",
    "n9": "اتركيها 3 دقائق مغطاة.",
    "n10": "قدّميها ساخنة مع الأرز والسلطة والطحينة."
   }
  }
 },
 "source": {
  "name": "cookwala.ai",
  "url": "https://cookwala.ai/",
  "citation": "Cookwala example recipe, written for the standard"
 },
 "license": "CC-BY-4.0",
 "layers": {
  "r1": true,
  "r2": false,
  "r3": true
 },
 "identity": {
  "essential": [
   "beef",
   "onion",
   "parsley",
   "cumin"
  ],
  "flexible": [
   "allspice",
   "garlic"
  ],
  "neverAdd": [
   "pork"
  ],
  "culturalNotes": {
   "en": "Street kofta is grilled over charcoal; this oven version is written so a device can check doneness."
  }
 },
 "hash": "sha256:932c364ad759aa2d27905c30c198be08ea9a7ac80ac3b60068895818cbdb4720"
}